Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, et al. 2014. Cancer of the anal canal. Abeloff's clinical oncology, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Bladder cancer. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. 2014. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/bladder.
Campbell MF, Wein AJ. 2014. Cutaneous Continent Urinary Diversion. Campbell-Walsh urology (10th ed., pp. 2450-2478). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
US Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of health. National institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney. Urinary diversion. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/urologic-disease/urinary-diversion/Pages/facts.aspx. Updated September 2013. Accessed July 2016.
National Institutes of Health. National Cancer Institute. Bladder cancer treatment – patient version. https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq. Updated July 7, 2016. Accessed August 2016.