Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Upper: References

US Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding/Pages/all-content.aspx. Updated July 2016. Accessed September 2016.

Rockey DC, et al. Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-upper-gastrointestinal-bleeding-in-adults. Updated January 12, 2016. Accessed September 2016.

Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ. 2010. Sleisenger and Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease [9th ed.], CH. 19, 285-322.e8. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.

Adams JG, Barton ED, Collings J, et al. 2013. Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Emergency Medicine, Second Edition; 33, 286-291.el.

US Department of Health & Human Services. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2012 National and regional estimates on hospital use for all patients from the HCUP nationwide inpatient sample. http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.jsp. Accessed July 22, 2014.