Goldman L, Schafer AI. (2011). Goldman's Cecil medicine, 24th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
Marx J, Hockberger R, Walls R. (2014). Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice, 8th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, Hedges JR. (2014) Roberts and Hedges' clinical procedures in emergency medicine, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. 2012. Sabiston textbook of surgery, 19th ed. Elsevier.
US Department of Health & Human Services. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2012 National and regional estimates on hospital use for all patients from the HCUP nationwide inpatient sample. http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.jsp. Accessed July 22, 2014.