Changing Behavior with Positive Reinforcement

________________________________________________________________________

KEY POINTS

• Positive reinforcement is a way of rewarding behavior that you want to encourage. People often repeat behaviors that lead to positive feelings. Positive reinforcement works for people of all ages and can be a great way to change habits.
• To change a behavior, you first need to find the right reward. The right reward is something the person values or enjoys. At first, give the reward almost every time you see the behavior. Later, reward only once in a while.

________________________________________________________________________

What is positive reinforcement?

Learning often is a result of rewards and punishments. Rewards usually work better than punishments in changing an unwanted behavior. Positive reinforcement is a way of rewarding behavior that you want to repeat. It works because people often repeat behaviors that lead to positive feelings.

When is it used?

You can use it for yourself or for others. You may want to replace your problem behavior with a healthy or good behavior. Positive reinforcement also works to help change someone else's behavior, such as helping an employee or teaching a child.

How does it work?

To change a behavior, you first need to find the right reward. The right reward is something the person values or enjoys and can be used easily and often. The same reward may not work for everyone. While praise works well for some people, it may not work for everyone. If you were praised in public for doing something and it embarrassed you, you may not respond well to praise.

Good rewards are things that are motivating. Here are some ideas for rewards:

• Compliments such as "I appreciate you" or "You are fantastic!" or a nice hug.
• Give praise when the wanted behavior happens. Be specific and focus on the positive instead of the negative. For example, if your child picks up his room but leaves some toys on his bed instead of on a shelf, say “Wow, you did a good job picking up your room. It looks much neater now.”
• Fun activities such as a movie, ball game, or concert.
• Money or tokens given right after the behavior, such as 10 cents for 10 minutes of exercise or chores around the house
• Positive self-talk, such as saying to yourself, "Good job!" or "You're doing great!"
• Treats such as a healthy snack, a massage, toys, or new clothes that can be earned over time. Rewards don’t have to be expensive.

Once you decide on the reward, you need to:

• Catch the person (or yourself) doing the right behavior or something close to it
• Reward the behavior right away

Once this plan is started it’s important to keep using it. Reinforce the change until it becomes a habit. At first, give the reward almost every time you see the behavior. Then start rewarding about half the time. Later, reward only once in a while.

Positive reinforcement works for people of all ages and can be a great way to change habits. If it doesn’t seem to work despite your best efforts, you may want to talk with a therapist for help.