Hydrocele

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KEY POINTS

• A hydrocele is a buildup of fluid in the scrotum, which is the sac that holds the testicle. It usually happens only on one side, and does not damage the testicle.
• Your scrotum may look very swollen or larger on one side. It may be without clear cause, or it could be from trauma, severe infection, tumors, or following hernia repair.
• Often the fluid will be absorbed by your body in a few months and won’t need any treatment. If symptoms are severe, you may need a minor procedure to fix the hydrocele.

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What is a hydrocele?

A hydrocele is a buildup of fluid in the scrotum, which is the sac that holds the testicle. It usually happens only on one side, and does not damage the testicle. This buildup of fluid is more common in men over the age of 40 but can occur at any age.

What is the cause?

Before birth, the testicles develop in a baby’s belly. The testicles come down into the scrotum through a tube. Fluid from the belly (abdomen) also comes down this tube. Most of the time this tube closes by itself and the fluid around the testicle gets absorbed and goes away. If the tube does not close completely, fluid may keep draining into the scrotum. The reason that the tube does not close is not known.

A hydrocele may also be caused by injury or irritation and swelling within the scrotum. Causes include trauma, tumor, infection, or after you have had hernia repair.

What are the symptoms?

Your scrotum may look very swollen or larger on one side. The hydrocele may change in size as the fluid comes and goes in and out of the scrotum. Usually it does not cause any pain.

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you.

How is it treated?

Often the fluid will be absorbed by your body in a few months and won’t need any treatment.

If symptoms are severe, you may need a minor procedure to fix the hydrocele. Your provider may be able to remove fluid with a needle to reduce swelling. You may need surgery to close the opening in the tube and remove the fluid from your scrotum.

How can I take care of myself?

Follow the full course of treatment prescribed by your child's healthcare provider. Ask your provider:

If there are activities you should avoid and when you can return to your normal activities

How to take care of yourself at home

What symptoms or problems you should watch for and what to do if you have them

Make sure you know when you should come back for a checkup. Keep all appointments for provider visits or tests.