Shoulder Dystocia: References

ACOG Practice Bulletin: Shoulder Dystocia, Number 40, November 2002. Reaffirmed 2015.

Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Hauth J, Gilstrap L, Wenstrom K. Williams Obstetrics. 22nd ed. The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. 2008. Accessed February 1, 2009. http://www.accessmedicine.com.

Gibbs R, Karlan B, Haney A, Nygaard I. Danforth’s Obstetrics and Gynecology. 9th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2008. Accessed on February 1, 2009 from http://www.ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.

Lockwood C. Guidelines for Perinatal Care. 7th ed. AAP and ACOG. 2012.

Rodis JF. Shoulder dystocia: intrapartum diagnosis, management, and outcome. Updated July 1, 2015. Accessed August 2015. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/shoulder-dystocia-intrapartum-diagnosis-management-and-outcome.

Rodis, JF. Shoulder dystocia: risk factors and planning delivery of at risk pregnancies. Updated April 21, 2015. Accessed August 2015. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/shoulder-dystocia-risk-factors-and-planning-delivery-of-at-risk-pregnancies.