Vaginal Bleeding during Pregnancy: References

Bleeding during pregnancy. FAQ038. http://www.acog.org/-/media/For-Patients/faq038.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20151106T0955521669. ©2011. Accessed November 6, 2015.

Bleeding and spotting from the vagina during pregnancy. http://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/bleeding-and-spotting-from-the-vagina-during-pregnancy.aspx. April 2014. Accessed November 6, 2015.

Toulandi T, Al-Fozan HM et al. Spontaneous abortion: Risk factors, etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic evaluation. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/spontaneous-abortion-risk-factors-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnostic-evaluation. Updated February 23, 2015. Accessed November 6, 2015.

Norwitz ER, Joong SP et al. Overview of the etiology and evaluation of vaginal bleeding in pregnant women. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-the-etiology-and-evaluation-of-vaginal-bleeding-in-pregnant-women. Updated July 17, 2015, Accessed December 31, 2015